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Happiness Is Having a Large Loving Caring Family in Another City Meaning

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Mental or emotional land of well-being characterized by pleasant emotions

"Enjoyment" redirects here. For the 2005 video album by Kaiser Chiefs, see Enjoyment (video).

"Cheerful" redirects here. For Royal Navy destroyer, run across HMS Cheerful (1897).

A smile 95-twelvemonth-onetime man from Pichilemu, Chile

The term happiness is used in the context of mental or emotional states, including positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.[1] It is also used in the context of life satisfaction, subjective well-beingness, eudaimonia, flourishing and well-being.[2]

Since the 1960s, happiness inquiry has been conducted in a wide diversity of scientific disciplines, including gerontology, social psychology and positive psychology, clinical and medical research and happiness economics.

Definitions

'Happiness' is the subject of fence on usage and significant,[iii] [iv] [v] [6] [7] and on possible differences in understanding by civilisation.[8] [9]

The give-and-take is mostly used in relation to two factors:[10]

Happy children playing in water

  • the current feel of the feeling of an emotion (touch on) such as pleasure or joy,[1] or of a more than full general sense of 'emotional condition equally a whole'.[11] For example Daniel Kahneman has defined happiness equally "what I feel here and now".[12] This usage is prevalent in dictionary definitions of happiness.[13] [14] [15]
  • appraisement of life satisfaction, such as of quality of life.[xvi] For instance Ruut Veenhoven has divers happiness every bit "overall appreciation of one's life every bit-a-whole."[17] [eighteen] Kahneman has said that this is more important to people than current experience.[19] [20] [21]

Some usages can include both of these factors. Subjective well-being (swb)[22] includes measures of current experience (emotions, moods, and feelings) and of life satisfaction.[nb 1] For instance Sonja Lyubomirsky has described happiness as "the experience of joy, delectation, or positive well-beingness, combined with a sense that i'due south life is good, meaningful, and worthwhile."[23] Eudaimonia,[24] is a Greek term variously translated as happiness, welfare, flourishing, and blessedness. Xavier Landes[25] has proposed that happiness include measures of subjective wellbeing, mood and eudaimonia.[26]

These differing uses can give different results.[27] [28] For case the correlation of income levels has been shown to be substantial with life satisfaction measures, merely to exist far weaker, at to the lowest degree above a certain threshold, with current experience measures.[29] [30] Whereas Nordic countries often score highest on swb surveys, Due south American countries score higher on affect-based surveys of current positive life experiencing.[31]

The unsaid significant of the word may vary depending on context,[32] qualifying happiness as a polyseme and a fuzzy concept.

A further result is when measurement is made; appraisal of a level of happiness at the time of the experience may be unlike from appraisal via retentiveness at a later date.[33] [34]

Some users accept these issues, merely proceed to use the word because of its convening ability.[35]

Philosophy

A butcher happily slicing meat

Relation to morality

Philosophy of happiness is often discussed in conjunction with ethics.[36] Traditional European societies, inherited from the Greeks and from Christianity, often linked happiness with morality, which was concerned with the performance in a certain kind of role in a certain kind of social life. However, with the rise of individualism, begotten partly by Protestantism and capitalism, the links between duty in a social club and happiness were gradually broken. The consequence was a redefinition of the moral terms. Happiness is no longer defined in relation to social life, just in terms of individual psychology. Happiness, even so, remains a hard term for moral philosophy. Throughout the history of moral philosophy, in that location has been an oscillation between attempts to define morality in terms of consequences leading to happiness and attempts to define morality in terms that have nix to practise with happiness at all.[37]

Aristotle

Aristotle described eudaimonia (Greek: εὐδαιμονία) as the goal of man thought and action. Eudaimonia is often translated to mean happiness, but some scholars contend that "human flourishing" may be a more accurate translation.[38] Aristotle's use of the term in Nicomachiean Ethics extends beyond the general sense of happiness.[39]

In the Nicomachean Ideals, written in 350 BCE, Aristotle stated that happiness (also being well and doing well) is the just thing that humans want for their own sake, unlike riches, honour, health or friendship. He observed that men sought riches, or honour, or health not but for their own sake but too in social club to be happy. For Aristotle the term eudaimonia, which is translated as 'happiness' or 'flourishing' is an activeness rather than an emotion or a state.[forty] Eudaimonia (Greek: εὐδαιμονία) is a classical Greek word consists of the word "eu" ("expert" or "well-being") and "daimōn" ("spirit" or "pocket-size deity", used past extension to mean one's lot or fortune). Thus understood, the happy life is the skilful life, that is, a life in which a person fulfills human nature in an first-class fashion. Specifically, Aristotle argued that the good life is the life of excellent rational activity. He arrived at this claim with the "Role Statement". Basically, if information technology is correct, every living thing has a function, that which it uniquely does. For Aristotle man part is to reason, since it is that solitary which humans uniquely exercise. And performing i'due south function well, or excellently, is good. According to Aristotle, the life of excellent rational activeness is the happy life. Aristotle argued a 2nd all-time life for those incapable of first-class rational activity was the life of moral virtue.[41] The primal question Aristotle seeks to respond is "What is the ultimate purpose of man being?" a lot of people are seeking pleasure, health, and a adept reputation. It is true that those have a value, but none of them can occupy the place of the greatest good for which humanity aims. It may seem like all goods are a means to obtain happiness, only Aristotle said that happiness is always an stop in itself.

Western ethics

Western ethicists take made arguments for how humans should behave, either individually or collectively, based on the resulting happiness of such behavior. Utilitarians, such as John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, advocated the greatest happiness principle as a guide for ethical behavior.[42]

Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche critiqued the English Utilitarians' focus on attaining the greatest happiness, stating that "Man does not strive for happiness, only the Englishman does." Nietzsche meant that making happiness i's ultimate goal and the aim of ane's being, in his words "makes ane contemptible." Nietzsche instead yearned for a civilisation that would set higher, more than hard goals than "mere happiness." He introduced the quasi-dystopic effigy of the "concluding man" as a kind of thought experiment against the utilitarians and happiness-seekers. these small, "last men" who seek after only their ain pleasure and health, avoiding all danger, exertion, difficulty, challenge, struggle are meant to seem contemptible to Nietzsche's reader. Nietzsche instead wants us to consider the value of what is hard, what can only be earned through struggle, difficulty, hurting and thus to come to meet the affirmative value suffering and unhappiness truly play in creating everything of neat worth in life, including all the highest achievements of human civilisation, non least of all philosophy.[43] [44]

Changes in focus over time

In 2004 Darrin McMahon claimed, that over time the emphasis shifted from the happiness of virtue to the virtue of happiness.[45]

Culture

Personal happiness aims tin can be effected by cultural factors.[46] [47] [48] Hedonism appears to be more strongly related to happiness in more than individualistic cultures.[49]

A handsome, smiling young man from the Western world

Cultural views on happiness have changed over time.[50] For instance Western concern most childhood being a time of happiness has occurred only since the 19th century.[51]

Not all cultures seek to maximise happiness,[52] [nb two] [nb 3] and some cultures are balky to happiness.[53] [54]

Religion

People in countries with high cultural religiosity tend to chronicle their life satisfaction less to their emotional experiences than people in more secular countries.[55]

Eastern

Buddhism

Happiness forms a fundamental theme of Buddhist teachings.[56] For ultimate freedom from suffering, the Noble Eightfold Path leads its practitioner to Nirvana, a state of everlasting peace. Ultimate happiness is merely achieved past overcoming craving in all forms. More mundane forms of happiness, such as acquiring wealth and maintaining practiced friendships, are also recognized every bit worthy goals for lay people (run into sukha). Buddhism besides encourages the generation of loving kindness and pity, the desire for the happiness and welfare of all beings.[57] [58] [ unreliable source? ] [ unreliable source? ]

Hinduism

In Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate goal of life is happiness, in the sense that duality between Atman and Brahman is transcended and ane realizes oneself to be the Self in all.

Patanjali, author of the Yoga Sutras, wrote quite exhaustively on the psychological and ontological roots of bliss.[59]

Confucianism

The Chinese Confucian thinker Mencius, who had sought to requite communication to ruthless political leaders during China'south Warring States catamenia, was convinced that the mind played a mediating role between the "bottom cocky" (the physiological self) and the "greater cocky" (the moral self), and that getting the priorities right betwixt these 2 would lead to sage-hood. He argued that if ane did not experience satisfaction or pleasure in nourishing ane's "vital force" with "righteous deeds", and then that force would shrivel up (Mencius, 6A:15 2A:ii). More specifically, he mentions the experience of intoxicating joy if ane celebrates the do of the great virtues, especially through music.[60]

Abrahamic

Judaism

Happiness or simcha (Hebrew: שמחה) in Judaism is considered an of import chemical element in the service of God.[61] The biblical verse "worship The Lord with gladness; come before him with joyful songs," (Psalm 100:two) stresses joy in the service of God.[ citation needed ] A popular teaching by Rabbi Nachman of Breslov, a 19th-century Chassidic Rabbi, is "Mitzvah Gedolah Le'hiyot Besimcha Tamid," it is a great mitzvah (commandment) to always be in a state of happiness. When a person is happy they are much more capable of serving God and going about their daily activities than when depressed or upset.[62] [ self-published source? ]

Roman Catholicism

The principal meaning of "happiness" in various European languages involves proficient fortune, gamble or happening. The meaning in Greek philosophy, still, refers primarily to ethics.

In Catholicism, the ultimate terminate of human being consists in felicity, Latin equivalent to the Greek eudaimonia, or "blessed happiness", described by the 13th-century philosopher-theologian Thomas Aquinas as a Beatific Vision of God's essence in the side by side life.[63]

According to St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, man's last end is happiness: "all men agree in desiring the last end, which is happiness."[64] Even so, where utilitarians focused on reasoning nearly consequences as the principal tool for reaching happiness, Aquinas agreed with Aristotle that happiness cannot exist reached solely through reasoning nearly consequences of acts, simply also requires a pursuit of good causes for acts, such as habits according to virtue.[65] In turn, which habits and acts that ordinarily lead to happiness is according to Aquinas acquired by laws: natural law and divine law. These laws, in plow, were according to Aquinas caused past a first cause, or God.[ commendation needed ]

According to Aquinas, happiness consists in an "performance of the speculative intellect": "Consequently happiness consists principally in such an performance, viz. in the contemplation of Divine things." And, "the last end cannot consist in the active life, which pertains to the applied intellect." So: "Therefore the terminal and perfect happiness, which nosotros wait in the life to come, consists entirely in contemplation. Simply imperfect happiness, such every bit can be had here, consists first and principally in contemplation, but secondarily, in an operation of the applied intellect directing homo deportment and passions."[66]

Human complexities, like reason and cognition, can produce well-being or happiness, only such course is limited and transitory. In temporal life, the contemplation of God, the infinitely Beautiful, is the supreme delight of the volition. Beatitudo, or perfect happiness, every bit complete well-beingness, is to exist attained not in this life, but the adjacent.[67]

Islam

Al-Ghazali (1058–1111), the Muslim Sufi thinker, wrote "The Alchemy of Happiness", a transmission of spiritual instruction throughout the Muslim earth and widely adept today.[ citation needed ]

Achievement methods

Theories on how to achieve happiness include "encountering unexpected positive events",[68] "seeing a significant other",[69] and "basking in the acceptance and praise of others".[70] However others believe that happiness is not solely derived from external, momentary pleasures.[71]

Cocky-fulfilment theories

Woman kissing a baby on the cheek

Maslow's bureaucracy of needs

Maslow'due south hierarchy of needs is a pyramid depicting the levels of human needs, psychological, and physical. When a homo existence ascends the steps of the pyramid, self-actualization is reached. Beyond the routine of needs fulfillment, Maslow envisioned moments of extraordinary feel, known as meridian experiences, profound moments of dearest, understanding, happiness, or rapture, during which a person feels more whole, alive, self-sufficient, and yet a function of the earth. This is similar to the flow concept of Mihály Csíkszentmihályi.[72] The concept of menstruum is the thought that after our basic needs are met we can achieve greater happiness by altering our consciousness past becoming then engaged in a job that we lose our sense of time. Our intense focus causes us to forget whatever other bug, which in return promotes positive emotions.

Erich Fromm

Fromm said "Happiness is the indication that man has found the answer to the problem of human beingness: the productive realization of his potentialities and thus, simultaneously, being ane with the world and preserving the integrity of his cocky. In spending his energy productively he increases his powers, he „burns without being consumed."" [73]

Self-determination theory

Smiling adult female from Vietnam

Cocky-determination theory relates intrinsic motivation to 3 needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Modernization and freedom of option

Ronald Inglehart has traced cantankerous-national differences in the level of happiness based on data from the Earth Values Survey.[74] He finds that the extent to which a society allows gratis choice has a major impact on happiness. When basic needs are satisfied, the degree of happiness depends on economic and cultural factors that enable free choice in how people live their lives. Happiness likewise depends on religion in countries where complimentary selection is constrained.[75]

Positive psychology

Since 2000 the field of positive psychology has expanded drastically in terms of scientific publications, and has produced many different views on causes of happiness, and on factors that correlate with happiness.[76] Numerous short-term cocky-assistance interventions have been developed and demonstrated to improve happiness.[77] [78]

Indirect approaches

Diverse writers, including Camus and Tolle, have written that the act of searching or seeking for happiness is incompatible with beingness happy.[79] [80] [81] [82]

John Stuart Factory believed that for the great bulk of people happiness is best achieved en passant, rather than striving for it directly. This meant no self-consciousness, scrutiny, self-interrogation, dwelling house on, thinking almost, imagining or questioning on one'south happiness. Then, if otherwise fortunately circumstanced, one would "inhale happiness with the air y'all breathe."[83]

Natural occurrence

William Inge observed that "on the whole, the happiest people seem to be those who take no detail crusade for being happy except the fact that they are and then."[84] Orison Swett Marden said that "some people are born happy."[85]

Negative effects

June Gruber argued that happiness may have negative furnishings. It may trigger a person to be more than sensitive, more gullible, less successful, and more likely to undertake loftier take chances behaviours.[86] She also conducted studies suggesting that seeking happiness tin can have negative effects, such as failure to run across over-high expectations.[87] [88] [89] Iris Mauss has shown that the more people strive for happiness, the more likely they will set up too loftier of standards and feel disappointed.[90] [91]

Limits

The idea of motivational hedonism is the theory that pleasure is the aim for human life.[92] However, co-ordinate to bear on bias, people are poor predictors of their future emotions.[93] Therefore, can happiness be sought subsequently and pain be avoided, if it is considered to be unpredictable and unsustainable? Sigmund Freud said that all humans strive after happiness, but that the possibilities of achieving information technology are restricted because we "are and so fabricated that we can derive intense enjoyment only from a contrast and very little from the country of things."[94]

Pursuit

Not all cultures seek to maximise happiness. It has been establish in Western cultures that individual happiness is the most important. However, other cultures have opposite views and tend to exist aversive to the thought of private happiness. For instance, people living in Eastern Asian cultures focus more on the need for happiness within relationships with others and even observe personal happiness to exist harmful to fulfilling happy social relationships.[53] [95] [96] [nb 2] [nb iii]

A 2012 study found that psychological well-being was higher for people who experienced both positive and negative emotions.[97] [98] [99]

Examination

Happiness can exist examined in experiential and evaluative contexts. Experiential well-being, or "objective happiness", is happiness measured in the moment via questions such every bit "How good or bad is your experience now?". In contrast, evaluative well-being asks questions such as "How good was your vacation?" and measures i's subjective thoughts and feelings about happiness in the by. Experiential well-existence is less prone to errors in reconstructive memory, but the bulk of literature on happiness refers to evaluative well-being. The two measures of happiness can be related by heuristics such as the peak–end rule.[100]

Some commentators focus on the difference betwixt the hedonistic tradition of seeking pleasant and avoiding unpleasant experiences, and the eudaimonic tradition of living life in a full and securely satisfying way.[101]

Measurement

People accept been trying to measure out happiness for centuries. In 1780, the English utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham proposed that equally happiness was the master goal of humans it should be measured as a style of determining how well the government was performing.[102]

Several scales have been adult to measure happiness:

  • The Subjective Happiness Calibration (SHS) is a four-particular scale, measuring global subjective happiness from 1999. The scale requires participants to employ absolute ratings to characterize themselves equally happy or unhappy individuals, as well as it asks to what extent they place themselves with descriptions of happy and unhappy individuals.[103] [104]
  • The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from 1988 is a 20-particular questionnaire, using a five-betoken Likert scale (1 = very slightly or not at all, 5 = extremely) to assess the relation between personality traits and positive or negative affects at "this moment, today, the by few days, the by calendar week, the past few weeks, the past yr, and in general".[105] A longer version with additional touch on scales was published 1994.[106]
  • The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a global cognitive cess of life satisfaction adult by Ed Diener. A seven-point Likert scale is used to agree or disagree with 5 statements about 1's life.[107] [108]
  • The Cantril ladder method[109] has been used in the World Happiness Report. Respondents are asked to retrieve of a ladder, with the best possible life for them being a ten, and the worst possible life being a 0. They are then asked to charge per unit their ain current lives on that 0 to 10 calibration.[110] [109]
  • Positive Experience; the survey by Gallup asks if, the twenty-four hour period before, people experienced enjoyment, laughing or smiling a lot, feeling well-rested, existence treated with respect, learning or doing something interesting. 9 of the top 10 countries in 2018 were South American, led by Paraguay and Panama. Country scores range from 85 to 43.[111]

Since 2012, a World Happiness Report has been published. Happiness is evaluated, every bit in "How happy are you with your life every bit a whole?", and in emotional reports, every bit in "How happy are you now?," and people seem able to use happiness as appropriate in these verbal contexts. Using these measures, the report identifies the countries with the highest levels of happiness. In subjective well-beingness measures, the primary stardom is between cognitive life evaluations and emotional reports.[112] [ commendation needed ]

The UK began to measure out national well-being in 2012,[113] post-obit Bhutan, which had already been measuring gross national happiness.[114] [115]

Happiness has been plant to be quite stable over time.[116] [117]

Relationship to physical characteristics and heritability

As of 2016, no evidence of happiness causing improved concrete wellness has been found; the topic is beingness researched at the Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.[118] A positive relationship has been suggested between the volume of the brain'southward grey matter in the right precuneus area and i'due south subjective happiness score.[119]

Sonja Lyubomirsky has estimated that l percent of a given human's happiness level could be genetically determined, 10 pct is afflicted by life circumstances and situation, and a remaining 40 percent of happiness is subject to cocky-control.[120] [121]

When discussing genetics and their effects on individuals information technology is important to first understand that genetics practice non predict behavior. Information technology is possible for genes to increase the likelihood of individuals existence happier compared to others, just they do not 100 percent predict behavior.

At this bespeak in scientific inquiry, it has been difficult to find a lot of evidence to support this idea that happiness is afflicted in some manner by genetics. In a 2016 report Michael Minkov and Michael Harris Bail plant that a gene past the proper noun of SLC6A4 was not a good predictor of happiness level in humans.[122]

On the other hand, there have been many studies that take found genetics to exist a central function in predicting and understanding happiness in humans. In a review article discussing many studies on genetics and happiness they discussed the common findings. The author establish an important factor that has affected scientist findings this beingness how happiness is measured. For instance, in certain studies when subjective wellbeing is measured as a trait heredity is plant to be higher, about seventy to ninety percent. In some other study 11,500 unrelated genotypes were studied, and the determination was the heritability was just 12 to 18 percentage. Overall, this article plant the common pct of heredity was about 20 to 50 per centum.[123]

Economic and political views

Newly commissioned officers celebrate their new positions past throwing their midshipmen covers into the air as part of the U.S. Naval Academy class of 2011 graduation and commissioning ceremony.

In politics, happiness as a guiding ideal is expressed in the The states Proclamation of Independence of 1776, written past Thomas Jefferson, as the universal correct to "the pursuit of happiness."[124] This seems to advise a subjective interpretation just one that goes across emotions solitary. It has to be kept in mind that the word happiness meant "prosperity, thriving, wellbeing" in the 18th century and not the same affair as information technology does today. In fact, happiness.[125]

Common market health measures such as GDP and GNP have been used as a measure out of successful policy. On average richer nations tend to be happier than poorer nations, only this effect seems to diminish with wealth.[126] [127] This has been explained by the fact that the dependency is not linear just logarithmic, i.e., the aforementioned percentual increase in the GNP produces the same increment in happiness for wealthy countries as for poor countries.[128] [129] [130] [131] Increasingly, academic economists and international economic organizations are arguing for and developing multi-dimensional dashboards which combine subjective and objective indicators to provide a more direct and explicit assessment of human wellbeing. Piece of work by Paul Anand and colleagues helps to highlight the fact that in that location many different contributors to adult wellbeing, that happiness judgement reflect, in part, the presence of salient constraints, and that fairness, autonomy, customs and engagement are key aspects of happiness and wellbeing throughout the life course.[132] Although these factors play a office in happiness, they do not all need to deed in simultaneously to help one achieve an increment in happiness.

Libertarian recall tank Cato Constitute claims that economic liberty correlates strongly with happiness[133] preferably inside the context of a western mixed economy, with free printing and a republic. According to certain standards, Due east European countries when ruled past Communist parties were less happy than Western ones, even less happy than other equally poor countries.[134]

Since 2003, empirical research in the field of happiness economics, such as that by Benjamin Radcliff, professor of Political Science at the Academy of Notre Dame, supported the contention that in democratic countries life satisfaction is strongly and positively related to the social democratic model of a generous social safety net, pro-worker labor market regulations, and strong labor unions.[135] [136] Similarly, at that place is evidence that public policies which reduce poverty and support a potent middle class, such as a higher minimum wage, strongly affect average levels of well-being.[137]

It has been argued that happiness measures could exist used not as a replacement for more traditional measures, simply as a supplement.[138] Co-ordinate to the Cato institute, people constantly make choices that decrease their happiness, because they take as well more than important aims. Therefore, regime should not decrease the alternatives available for the citizen by patronizing them merely let the citizen keep a maximal freedom of choice.[139]

Skilful mental wellness and good relationships contribute more than income to happiness and governments should take these into account.[140]

In the Great britain Richard Layard and others have led the development of happiness economics.

Contributing factors and research outcomes

Research on positive psychology, well-being, eudaimonia and happiness, and the theories of Diener, Ryff, Keyes, and Seligmann covers a broad range of levels and topics, including "the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life."[141] The psychiatrist George Vaillant and the director of longitudinal Study of Adult Evolution at Harvard Academy Robert J. Waldinger institute that those who were happiest and healthier reported strong interpersonal relationships.[142] Research showed that adequate sleep contributes to well-beingness.[143] In 2018, Laurie R. Santos grade titled "Psychology and the Good Life" became the most popular course in the history of Yale University and was made available for free online to non-Yale students.[144]

See also

  • Disfavor to happiness
  • Biopsychosocial model
  • Bluebird of happiness
  • Extraversion, introversion and happiness
  • Happy Planet Alphabetize
  • Hedonic treadmill
  • Paradox of hedonism
  • Serotonin

Notes

  1. ^ See Subjective well-being#Components of SWB
  2. ^ a b See the piece of work of Jeanne Tsai
  3. ^ a b Run across Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness#Pregnant of "happiness" ref. the pregnant of the United states Declaration of Independence phrase

References

  1. ^ a b "happiness". Wolfram Alpha. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 Feb 2011.
  2. ^ Anand, P (2016). Happiness Explained. Oxford University Printing. [ page needed ]
  3. ^ "Happiness". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Enquiry Lab, Stanford University. 2020.
  4. ^ Feldman, Fred (2010). What is This Thing Called Happiness?. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571178.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-957117-8.
  5. ^ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that "An important project in the philosophy of happiness is only getting clear on what various writers are talking near." https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/happiness/ Archived eleven June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Two Philosophical Problems in the Study of Happiness". Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 13 Oct 2018.
  7. ^ Smith, Richard (Baronial 2008). "The Long Slide to Happiness". Journal of Philosophy of Instruction. 42 (iii–iv): 559–573. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00650.ten.
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  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on nine August 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link)
  10. ^ "particularly section four". Fourth dimension. Archived from the original on ix October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  11. ^ Dan Haybron (https://world wide web.slu.edu/colleges/AS/philos/site/people/kinesthesia/Haybron/ Archived 30 August 2019 at the Wayback Motorcar, http://www.happinessandwellbeing.org/projection-team/ Archived 12 October 2018 at the Wayback Car); "I would propose that when we talk nigh happiness, we are actually referring, much of the time, to a complex emotional phenomenon. Telephone call it emotional well-being. Happiness as emotional well-beingness concerns your emotions and moods, more broadly your emotional condition as a whole. To exist happy is to inhabit a favorable emotional state.... On this view, we tin think of happiness, loosely, as the contrary of anxiety and depression. Existence in good spirits, quick to laugh and slow to anger, at peace and untroubled, confident and comfortable in your own skin, engaged, energetic and full of life." https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/xiii/happiness-and-its-discontents/ Archived 12 October 2018 at the Wayback Automobile Haybron has as well used the term thymic, past which he ways 'overall mood state' in this context; https://philpapers.org/rec/HAYHAE Archived 18 October 2018 at the Wayback Car Xavier Landes <https://world wide web.sseriga.edu/landes-xavier> Archived 30 Baronial 2019 at the Wayback Machine> has described a similar concept of mood. https://www.satori.lv/article/kas-ir-laime Archived thirteen May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "People don't want to be happy the mode I've defined the term – what I experience hither and now. In my view, information technology's much more than important for them to exist satisfied, to experience life satisfaction, from the perspective of 'What I remember,' of the story they tell most their lives."https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.Mag-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513 Archived 8 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine
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  14. ^ "HAPPINESS | meaning in the Cambridge English language Lexicon". Archived from the original on ix October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
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  17. ^ https://personal.eur.nl/veenhoven/Pub2010s/2012k-full.pdf Archived 9 Baronial 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 1.1
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  19. ^ "People don't desire to exist happy the way I've divers the term – what I experience here and now. In my view, information technology'due south much more of import for them to be satisfied, to experience life satisfaction, from the perspective of 'What I remember,' of the story they tell well-nigh their lives."https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-nobel-prize-winner-daniel-kahneman-gave-up-on-happiness-1.6528513 Archived 2018-10-08 at the Wayback Auto
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  141. ^ Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi 2000. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFSeligmanCsikszentmihalyi2000 (help)
  142. ^ Washington Mail (17 Apr 2017). "All you need is love — and funding: 79-year-one-time Harvard study of human happiness may lose grant money". nationalpost . Retrieved three Dec 2020.
  143. ^ American Psychological Association (2014). "More Sleep Would Make Usa Happier, Healthier and Safer". www.apa.org . Retrieved 3 Dec 2020.
  144. ^ Apr 2019, Mara Leighton 04 (4 April 2019). "Yale's most popular grade ever is now available for costless online — and the topic is how to be happier in your daily life". Business Insider . Retrieved 28 Nov 2020.

Farther reading

  • Anand Paul "Happiness Explained: What Human Flourishing Is and What Nosotros Tin Do to Promote It", Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016. ISBN 0-xix-873545-vi
  • Michael Argyle "The psychology of happiness", 1987
  • Boehm, Julia Thousand.; Lyubomirsky, Sonja (February 2008). "Does Happiness Promote Career Success?". Periodical of Career Assessment. 16 (1): 101–116. CiteSeerX10.one.1.378.6546. doi:x.1177/1069072707308140. S2CID 145371516.
  • Norman M. Bradburn "The construction of psychological well-being", 1969
  • Buettner, Dan (2020). The Blue Zones of Happiness: Lessons From the World'south Happiest People. National Geographic. ISBN978-1426219634.
  • C. Robert Cloninger, Feeling Good: The Science of Well-Beingness, Oxford, 2004.
  • Gregg Easterbrook "The progress paradox – how life gets improve while people feel worse", 2003
  • Michael West. Eysenck "Happiness – facts and myths", 1990
  • Daniel Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness, Knopf, 2006.
  • Carol Graham "Happiness Around the World: The Paradox of Happy Peasants and Miserable Millionaires", OUP Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-954905-four
  • James Hadley, Happiness: A New Perspective, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4935-4526-i
  • Joop Hartog & Hessel Oosterbeek "Wellness, wealth and happiness", 1997
  • Hills P., Argyle Grand. (2002). "The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a meaty scale for the measurement of psychological well-existence. Personality and Private Differences". Psychological Wellbeing. 33 (vii): 1073–82. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00213-6.
  • Robert Holden "Happiness at present!", 1998
  • Barbara Ann Kipfer, 14,000 Things to Be Happy Well-nigh, Workman, 1990/2007, ISBN 978-0-7611-4721-three.
  • Neil Kaufman "Happiness is a pick", 1991
  • Stefan Klein, The Scientific discipline of Happiness, Marlowe, 2006, ISBN 1-56924-328-Ten.
  • Koenig HG, McCullough One thousand, & Larson DB. Handbook of religion and health: a century of research reviewed (see article). New York: Oxford University Printing; 2001.
  • McMahon, Darrin M., Happiness: A History, Atlantic Monthly Press; 2005. ISBN 0-87113-886-7
  • McMahon, Darrin M., The History of Happiness: 400 B.C. – A.D. 1780, Daedalus journal, Bound 2004.
  • Richard Layard, Happiness: Lessons From A New Science, Penguin, 2005, ISBN 978-0-14-101690-0.
  • James Mackaye "Economy of happiness", 1906
  • Desmond Morris "The nature of happiness", 2004
  • David G. Myers, The Pursuit of Happiness: Who is Happy – and Why, William Morrow and Co., 1992, ISBN 0-688-10550-5.
  • Niek Persoon "Happiness doesn't only happen", 2006
  • Benjamin Radcliff The Political Economic system of Human Happiness (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
  • Ben Renshaw "The secrets of happiness", 2003
  • Fiona Robards, "What makes you happy?" Exisle Publishing, 2014, ISBN 978-1-921966-31-six
  • Bertrand Russell "The conquest of happiness", orig. 1930 (many reprints)
  • Martin E.P. Seligman, Authentic Happiness, Free Press, 2002, ISBN 0-7432-2298-9.
  • Alexandra Stoddard "Choosing happiness – keys to a blithesome life", 2002
  • Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Assay of Happiness, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1976
  • Elizabeth Telfer "Happiness : an examination of a hedonistic and a eudaemonistic concept of happiness and of the relations between them...", 1980
  • Ruut Veenhoven "Bibliography of happiness – world database of happiness : 2472 studies on subjective appreciation of life", 1993
  • Ruut Veenhoven "Weather condition of happiness", 1984
  • Joachim Weimann, Andreas Knabe, and Ronnie Schob, eds. Measuring Happiness: The Economics of Well-Being (MIT Press; 2015) 206 pages
  • Eric G. Wilson "Against Happiness", 2008
  • Journal of Happiness Studies, International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies (ISQOLS), quarterly since 2000, also online

External links

  • History of Happiness – curtailed survey of influential theories
  • The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry "Pleasure" – ancient and modern philosophers' and neuroscientists' approaches to happiness
  • The Earth Happiness Forum promotes dialogue on tools and techniques for human happiness and wellbeing.
  • The Globe Database of Happiness – a annals of scientific research on the subjective appreciation of life.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness

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